温度对舰船阴极保护和腐蚀静电场的影响

海水中氧溶解量和海水电导率是影响海水腐蚀性能的重要因素，而这两个因素主要取决于海水的盐度和温度。采用边界元法建立舰船外加电流阴极保护和腐蚀静电场模型，研究不同海水温度下氧溶解量、电导率及氧的扩散系数对舰船腐蚀防腐静电场的影响。结果表明，腐蚀电场峰值随着温度的升高而减小，当两对阳极输出电流分别为13.5 A和8 A时，船体和舵在低温处于过保护状态而在高温处于欠保护状态，螺旋桨和轴在不同温度下均能得到较好的保护。     

Optimizing natural gas pipeline transmission with nonuniform elevation: A new initialization approach

In this paper, we develop an iterative piecewise linear approximation approach with a novel initialization method to solve natural gas pipeline transmission problems with the nonuniform network elevation. Previous approaches, such as energy minimization methods, cannot be applied to solve problems with the nonuniform network elevation because they exclude pressure range constraints, and thus provide solutions far from optimum. We propose a new initialization model that considers pressure range constraints and improves the optimality of the solutions and the computational efficiency. Furthermore, we extend the energy minimization methods and provide the necessary conditions under which the extended methods operate in networks with the nonuniform elevation. We test the performances of the methods with previously reported pipeline networks from the literature, with the open data set GasLib, and with our industrial collaborator. The initialization approach is shown to be more efficient than the method with fixed initial breakpoints. The newly proposed initialization approach generates solutions with a higher accuracy than the extended energy minimization methods, especially in large‐size networks. The proposed method has been applied to natural gas transmission planning by the China National Petroleum Corporation and has brought a direct profit increase of 330 million U.S. dollars in 2015‐2017.     

South African defence policy: the rationale and impact of the SANDF’s primary role and conventional force design

The 2015 South African Defence Review set out to reverse the deterioration of South African National Defence Force (SANDF) capabilities. Within the South African Department of Defence (DOD) this deterioration is expressed mainly in terms of a decreasing defence budget, subsequent declining conventional capabilities and obsolete prime mission equipment. Contemporary research and defence expert debates on this theme, point out the disjuncture between policy ends and the available means, with scepticism for an increased defence budget given the DOD’s lack of internal reform and strategy adjustment. One question that remains largely unanswered in the literature regarding the decline of the SANDF, is why both the policy-makers and the SANDF have remained focused on the primary role of the military (defending territorial integrity) accompanied with an unaffordable conventional force design? This question relates to the aim of this paper and is explored by revisiting initial defence policy decisions and compromises that were made in the 1990s. It is argued that the primary role of the SANDF and its conventional force design suited the interests of both the politicians and the military, but that the drawbacks thereof have harshly caught up with the DOD.     

推进模拟蓝军部队建设

通过模拟蓝军来砥砺和检验部队,是提升部队训练层次和战斗力的迫切要求,是推行实战化训练的有效手段。推进模拟蓝军部队建设,应基于任务,科学筹划设计,准确把握方向;应深研对手,完善训练体系,落实专业训练;应紧贴实战,抓住建设重点,推进深入发展。     

基于结构熵理论的师装备保障力量层次设置模式评价研究

针对师装备保障力量层次设置模式优选时缺乏定量分析的问题，尝试从系统信息论的角度，采用结构熵理论对师装备保障力量层次设置的组织结构有序度进行客观评价，用时效熵和质量熵分别对师装备保障力量层次设置组织结构中信息流通的时效性和质量性进行度量，为师装备保障力量层次设置模式的选择提供科学依据。     

边防毗邻省区跨域协同警务战略研究

在非传统安全威胁不断增多的情况下，公安边防部队维护边疆社会治安和政治大局稳定的职能作用更加凸现。针对公安边防部队点多、线长、面广的特点和毗邻省区结合部管理防范相对薄弱的实际，研究探索新形势下加强毗邻跨域警务协同、联手固边的工作机制，形成无缝链接——“全国边防一盘棋”的整体战略，全面提升公安边防部队战斗力，具有极其重要的现实意义。     

kittel型反铁电相变的自由能

根据kittel型反铁电相变对称性的变化 ,选择轴矢量 R作为序参量是合适的。由Landau理论 ,相变温度附近的自由能F就可以写成 R幂级数展开的形式。令 F R=0 ,可得到关于序参量的方程 ,从而获得相变温度与自由能的关系     

Operating Costs of Aging Air Force Aircraft: Adjusting for Aggregate Budget Effects

The rate at which operating costs grow as aircraft age is important for setting operating budgets and for deciding when to replace aging systems. While studies using data from the 1990's typically found 1–3 percent real rates of growth in operating costs as aircraft age, studies using data from the 2000's found greater rates, for example in the 4–6 percent range. Growth in the total U.S. Air Force budget during the 2000s appears to explain much of the higher estimated annual growth rates in operating costs per flying hour beyond the growth rate intrinsic to the aging of the fleet.     

海水中点电极对产生的电场研究

根据参考文献得到的海水中点电极电场计算公式,对位于海水平面上单个点电极在海水中的电场电位、电场强度进行了仿真计算,总结了电场分布规律及其影响因素。提出利用两个异号单电极组成电极对来模拟电极式扫雷具电场,并仿真计算了电极对的电场。最后,通过电极对和电偶极子的相似性验证了电极对模型的有效性。     

华东烧结模型的数学计算(Ⅲ)

通过热力学分析和计算,讨论等径球(椭球)与均匀分布不等径球(椭球)的体心正方堆积的烧结体积和表面能的变化,包括华东烧结模型中膨胀机制和收缩机制,对烧结体总表面能变化的作用和影响,发现随着烧结过程的进行,烧结收缩机制逐渐占主导地位。